Scientists have identified a link between the composition of the intestinal microflora and the risk of diabetes
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- Scientists have identified a link between the composition of the intestinal microflora and the risk of diabetes
The composition and functional potential of the gut microbiome are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. This is reported in the journal Cell Reports Medicine (CRM).
For five years, the specialists monitored a group of 4,685 adult volunteers, whose average age was 73.9 years. At the beginning of the experiment, none of the participants suffered from diabetes and did not take sugar-lowering drugs. During the follow-up, 383 people developed the disease. Scientists have identified nine types of bacteria, the concentration of which in the intestine correlates with the likelihood of developing the disease.
It turned out that six types of microorganisms increase the risk of diabetes: Desulfovibrio piger, Alistipes communis, Alistipes finegoldii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus gnavus and a representative of the Lachnospiraceae family under the code GGB3614_SGB4886. Three more bacterial species, Coprococcus catus and two unclassified representatives of the families Erysipelotrichaceae and Clostridia, on the contrary, demonstrated protective properties.
The authors paid special attention to the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila. Although it was previously considered beneficial for metabolic health, in this study it showed an association with an increased risk of diabetes in older people who consume low amounts of fiber.
"These prospective results provide insight into the etiology of type 2 diabetes and may contribute to the development of risk prediction and prevention strategies based on microbiome analysis," the study authors state.
The researchers also found that the likelihood of disease is influenced by specific metabolic modules of the intestine. In particular, the process of splitting the amino acid asparagine increases the risks, while the degradation of mannose (a monosaccharide) and the non-acidic pentose phosphate pathway (a backup way of processing sugar in cells) contribute to the protection of the body. According to scientists, dietary fiber (fiber) can positively change the interaction of the microbiome with the host body, reducing the aggressive effects of certain bacteria on the intestinal mucosa.
On June 2, Science Daily magazine reported on the association of the gut microbiome with the risk of autism and ADHD in children. According to the study, the epigenetic settings of a child at birth can affect the risk of developing developmental disorders, but the presence of certain "good" bacteria in the intestine can intervene and change this risk.
It turned out that children with an epigenetic predisposition to autism were less likely to show signs of the disease when the bacterium Lachnospira pectinoschiza appeared at an early age. The same principle was found in ADHD: the risk decreased with the presence of the bacterium Lachnospira pectinoschiza by the end of the first year of life.
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