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- A handful of planets: "cosmic" minerals on Earth and a new state of matter on Neptune and Uranus
A handful of planets: "cosmic" minerals on Earth and a new state of matter on Neptune and Uranus
Russian scientists have created the first public dataset for AI in intensive care, found "cosmic" minerals in the earth's crust, and developed a revolutionary algorithm for diagnosing fiber-optic lines. And researchers from other countries have revealed the secrets of distant planets: they have discovered a new state of matter in the bowels of Uranus and Neptune and put forward another theory about the origin of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS. For more information, see Izvestia's collection of news from the world of science and technology.
An array of data for AI in intensive care
Russian scientists have created the first public data set for intensive care units, designed to train artificial intelligence algorithms. It will become the foundation for domestic AI solutions in intensive care and will allow for more accurate identification of patients in need of emergency care. A key element of the development was "clinical phenotypes", a classification that will replace limited and not always accurate disease codes. This will allow AI to learn from the real conditions of patients, rather than from documentation data, and will significantly improve the quality of care for critically ill patients.
More than 80 such phenotypes were identified in the data set based on 5.3 thousand cases, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure and other critical conditions.
— In the process of creating the dataset, the developers had to overcome the barrier of inaccuracy of data based on the codes of the international classification of diseases. To solve this problem, the concept of clinical phenotypes was introduced. These are algorithms that identify pathophysiological conditions based on objective criteria such as vital signs, laboratory test results, and patient condition dynamics. Thanks to this, AI models are trained not on documentation artifacts, but on real clinical conditions of patients," Natalia Zhivitsa, an analyst at the Department of Educational Program Analysis and Scientific Research at Sechenov University, told Izvestia.
"Space" minerals found in Russia
Scientists from St. Petersburg State University, the Institute of Diamond and Precious Metals Geology (Yakutsk) and Ben-Gurion University (Israel) have for the first time discovered two minerals in the rocks of the upper crust that had previously been found only in iron meteorites - haksonite and wakitite.
The finds were made at two locations at once — in the Norilsk ore region in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Hatrurim formation in the Dead Sea basin in Israel.
Khaksonite, which is a carbide of iron and nickel, was previously found, among other things, in the Chelyabinsk meteorite. It forms white-yellow shiny needle-like crystals fused with native iron. Wakitite, discovered in 2016 in an iron meteorite from the Bauntovsky Evenki region of Buryatia, is represented in new samples by golden-yellow fine grains among crystals of native iron, schreibersite, troilite and dobreelite.
— Interest in the minerals that make up iron-rich meteorites and asteroids has grown significantly in recent years due to the recently launched NASA Psyche space mission. This is a program in which specialists will study the chemical and mineral composition of the metal-rich asteroid of the same name. Now it is extremely important to understand which mineral phases may be present in it and what conditions are needed for their formation, since the spacecraft is equipped with only a set of remote sensing devices, which limits the ability to analyze the substance of Psyche in detail," Oleg Vereshchagin, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate professor of the Department of Mineralogy at the Institute of Earth Sciences of St. Petersburg State University, told Izvestia.
An algorithm for checking fiber-optic lines
A new signal processing algorithm for diagnostics of fiber-optic lines and photonic chips has been developed by Russian scientists. The method effectively suppresses the measuring instruments' own noise, but it does not distort the data on actual damage.
"Even the most advanced photonic structures have weaknesses. For example, in the manufacture of fiber or an optical chip, imperceptible defects may appear: an uneven wall, a speck at the junction, or internal stress. In a fiber-optic part (for example, in a splitter) Over time, microcracks may occur due to vibrations or temperature fluctuations," Anton Krivosheev, one of the developers of the method, told Izvestia.
To solve the problem, a new algorithm was proposed. He analyzes the signal in sections and, if he sees chaotic fluctuations, smooths them out as noise, and if he notices a sharp jump, leaves it untouched, considering it to be a reflection of a real defect.
According to the researchers, the development is relevant for areas such as telecommunications, the oil and gas industry, or smart city systems, where photonic devices are integrated into distributed networks.
Scientists from the Institute of Continuum Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Perm National Research Polytechnic University participated in the development.
A new state of matter in the bowels of Uranus and Neptune
Scientists from the Carnegie Institution have discovered that a previously unknown form of matter may exist in the depths of Uranus and Neptune, in which atoms behave fundamentally differently than in any known conditions.
Scientists Kong Liu and Ronald Cohen conducted computer simulations of the behavior of carbon and hydrogen under pressures from 500 to 3,000 gigapascals and at temperatures from 4,000 to 6,000 kelvin — these are the conditions prevailing in the deep layers of the ice giants. The simulation revealed an unusual structure: carbon atoms form an ordered hexagonal framework, while hydrogen atoms move through it in spiral trajectories. The researchers called this configuration a quasi-one-dimensional superionic state.
"This substance is particularly remarkable because the motion of atoms is not completely three-dimensional. Hydrogen moves predominantly along well—defined spiral paths within an ordered carbon structure," explained Ronald Cohen.
Scientists have suggested the origin of comet 3I/ATLAS
American scientists have discovered that comet 3I/ATLAS most likely formed in a part of the galaxy where its own planetary system has not yet formed, researchers from the University of Michigan reported.
To date, only three interstellar objects are known. Comet 3I/ATLAS is the third one discovered. In December 2025, it passed as close to Earth as possible, at a distance of 269 million km, after which it slowly began to move away.
"The comet <...> most likely originated in a cold, isolated part of the galaxy that has not yet formed into its own planetary system," the report says.
The researchers also identified a significant content of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) in the water contained in the comet. This indicates that the object formed at lower temperatures than those observed in the Solar System.
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