Not alone: what postpartum depression hides and how to deal with it

Postpartum depression is not just a temporary fatigue, but a serious problem that many mothers face. But it's not always talked about openly, and sometimes it goes unnoticed. How to recognize the symptoms, why it is important not to ignore your condition and how to overcome depression after childbirth — in the Izvestia article.

Why does postpartum depression occur?

Postpartum depression is a common mental disorder that develops in women after childbirth. According to the World Health Organization, depression is the leading cause of morbidity and disability among women over the age of 40. Postpartum depression can significantly affect a mother's quality of life, her ability to take care of her child, and the functioning of the family as a whole.

The exact causes of postpartum depression are not fully understood, but there are a number of factors that may contribute to its development. One of the main ones is a sharp change in the hormonal background after childbirth, especially a decrease in the levels of estrogens and progesterone. In addition, psychosocial factors such as lack of support from a partner or family, financial difficulties, and stressful events can significantly increase the risk of it.

An equally important factor is a history of mental disorders. Women with a history of depression or other mental illnesses are more likely to develop the disease. Difficulties in childbirth and the postpartum period, such as difficult labor, problems with breastfeeding, lack of sleep and physical exhaustion, can also become a catalyst for depressive symptoms. Finally, personality traits such as low self-esteem, perfectionism, and a tendency to self-criticism can make a woman more susceptible to postpartum depression.

What are the symptoms of postpartum depression?

The symptoms of postpartum depression can range from mild to severe and manifest in various forms. Emotional symptoms include constant sadness, anxiety, irritability, feelings of guilt and despair, as well as thoughts of one's own worthlessness. Physical symptoms often manifest as fatigue, insomnia, or excessive sleepiness, as well as changes in appetite, whether loss or increase. A woman may also experience headaches.

In addition, postpartum depression can manifest itself in cognitive symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, slower thought processes, and decreased decision-making ability. Behavioral symptoms include loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities, social isolation, and avoidance of contact with family and friends. It is important to note that for a diagnosis to be made, symptoms must persist for more than two weeks and significantly affect a woman's daily activities.

How to diagnose postpartum depression

Diagnosis of postpartum depression is based on a clinical interview, assessment of symptoms, and medical history. Standardized questionnaires can be used, such as the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), which helps identify depressive symptoms in postpartum women.

It is important that the diagnosis is carried out by a qualified specialist, as the symptoms of the disease may be similar to other conditions, such as postpartum melancholy or postpartum psychosis.

How to treat postpartum depression

Psychotherapy is the main method of treating mild and moderate forms of postpartum depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy are the most effective. CBT helps a woman change negative thoughts and behaviors related to depression, while interpersonal therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social support.

In more severe cases, it may be necessary to prescribe antidepressants. It is important to keep in mind that some medications may affect breastfeeding, so the choice of medications should be made by a doctor, taking into account all the risks and benefits.

Support from a partner, family, and friends plays a key role in the recovery process. Participating in support groups and communicating with other mothers who are experiencing similar difficulties can help a woman feel less isolated and more confident in her abilities.

With timely help and adequate treatment, most women recover within a few months. However, in some patients, symptoms may persist for up to a year or more, especially if proper treatment or support has not been provided.

How to reduce the likelihood of postpartum depression

Prevention of postpartum depression begins with pregnancy planning, when it is important to realize your readiness for motherhood and ensure the availability of support. Preparation for childbirth also plays a key role: participation in courses for expectant mothers and discussing possible difficulties with a doctor help to prepare for childbirth in advance and reduce stress.

After childbirth, postpartum support is important, including assistance in caring for the baby, the opportunity for rest and recovery. In addition, it is necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle — a balanced diet, physical activity and adequate sleep can significantly reduce the risk of depression. Psychological support is equally important: openly discussing your feelings and experiences with loved ones or specialists helps prevent emotional difficulties during this important period.