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- Oncological sense: scientists have developed a smart nanoscalpel and improved phototherapy of tumors
Oncological sense: scientists have developed a smart nanoscalpel and improved phototherapy of tumors
A nanoscalpel made of magnetic disks that destroys cancer cells, a modified polio virus for selective action on the tumor, a drug for the treatment of lung cancer, and sensors that determine the concentration of substances for chemotherapy in the patient's body by analyzing saliva. Russian scientists are developing new technologies for the diagnosis and control of dangerous pathology. On World Cancer Day, Izvestia talks about the most effective innovations in this field.
Russian innovations in medicine
A selection of the most significant research in the field of cancer control was prepared by Rospatent and the Russian Science Foundation.
— Over the past three years, we have seen a steady increase in the number of applications from Russian developers for patents in the field of medical technologies: last year, applications for inventions increased by 17%, and for utility models by 7%. In total, about 4 thousand applications for innovations in medicine were submitted in 2025. These results indicate the high level of scientific potential of our researchers and their significant contribution to the global development of medicine. This gives patients a better chance of returning to a full—fledged active life," said Yuri Zubov, head of Rospatent.
A new way to treat complications of ovarian cancer
Oncologist Alexey Dzasokhov has developed a new method of treating ovarian cancer with widespread metastases. The technology provides for an integrated approach: first, an operation is performed to remove the tumor, then the abdominal cavity is sealed and the drugs are subsequently administered using intraperitoneal pressure aerosol chemotherapy. The therapeutic effect is enhanced due to the deep penetration of the drug and its prolonged contact with the lesions. The drug is sprayed evenly with a special "mist" under high pressure, which improves its distribution inside the abdominal cavity, reduces the burden on the body and increases the chances of successfully suppressing the spread of the disease.
Sensors for non-invasive monitoring of the concentration of anti-cancer drugs in the body
Specialists from Kazan Federal University have developed a technology for creating DNA sensors to determine the concentration of antitumor drugs in the human body. They proposed making substrates for such devices from deep eutectic solvents, polymer materials that significantly increase the sensitivity of sensors. Thanks to this, the analysis can be done quickly and conveniently using saliva or other biological fluid. Drug concentration control is very important during chemotherapy. First of all, to adjust the dose. Now, for such a study, it is necessary to take blood samples from patients and conduct complex laboratory tests.
Smart nanoscalpel for targeted destruction of cancer cells
Russian scientists have proposed an original method of influencing cancer cells with minimal damage to neighboring healthy tissues. They used microscopic magnetic disks coated with DNA molecules, which are injected directly into the tumor and monitored remotely. These nanostructures penetrate into the cancerous tissue and destroy it from the inside, practically without affecting healthy areas of the body. The technique can become indispensable for severe forms of oncology, allowing patients to improve their quality of life even within the framework of palliative care.
A biodegradable implant for activating the immune system
Scientists at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology have created a unique device for local administration of immunotherapeutic drugs into the tumor itself. The implant slowly dissolves in the body, ensuring long-term delivery of drugs and stimulation of the patient's own immunity. This solution allows you to avoid multiple operations and provide a prolonged antitumor targeted effect, effectively combating neoplasms.
Innovative therapy for one of the most common types of lung cancer
A group of researchers from the same Center has developed a new dosage form, a nanoconstruction that contains the active ingredient gefitinib. The drug is intended for photodynamic therapy and triggers the active destruction of cancer cells under the influence of radiation. The design feature is to increase the stability and solubility of the dosage form of the substance, improve its distribution in tissues and reduce side effects.
Modified polio virus for selective tumor destruction
Scientists at the V.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have used a genetically modified strain of the third type of polio virus to effectively attack cancer cells. Due to a specific modification, the virus penetrates exclusively into malignant structures, bypassing healthy tissues. The invention opens up the prospects of a completely new approach to the treatment of solid tumors with minimal complications and risks.
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